![]() Local sources allege that his murder was linked to the growing rift between Hutu- and Nande-based armed groups. In February 2016, its leader Musare was killed in mysterious circumstances. While the military influence of RUD has gradually declined in recent years, the group has allegedly collaborated with different armed groups including FDLR-FOCA as well as Congolese Hutu militias, including several operating under the Nyatura umbrella, during joint military operations and attacks on civilians. Musare, defected to create the RUD- Urunana, which has since been active in the northern parts of Bwisha and Bwito chefferies in Rutshuru territory. With a few hundred combatants, Jean-Damascène Ndibabaje, a.k.a. The RUD- Urunana is a splinter faction of the FDLR-FOCA that emerged in 2007 following a leadership quarrel, allegedly over the remuneration of certain units. Ralliement pour l’unité et la démocratie (RUD)- Urunana A shortage of ammunition seriously constrains the FDLR’s operational capacity as of late 2017. The group has also lost control over most of the territory and mining areas it previously controlled. While the FDLR was estimated to have around 6,500 fighters in 2008, the group’s strength in late 2017 is estimated to be between 500 and 1,000 fighters. Since then, the FDLR’s activities have largely been limited to western Rutshuru and northern Masisi territories. In 2016, the FDLR’s most important internal split led to the creation of another breakaway faction, the CNRD- Ubwiyunge. #Lusenge tembo seriesWhile the core leadership around the group’s military commander Lieutenant-General Sylvestre Mudacumura – sought on an arrest warrant by the International Criminal Court since 2012 for alleged war crimes committed in eastern Congo – and the group’s political leader Major-General Victor Byiringiro remains intact, the FDLR lost many of its senior commanders through a series of surrenders, captures and killings. ![]() This was followed by a series of anti-FDLR military operations conducted by the Congolese army, called Umoja Wetu and Amani Leo, although these were often hampered by FDLR-FARDC collusion. Reaching the peak of its military and economic strength in the early 2000s, the FDLR began to suffer defections, with RUD- Urunana and FDLR-Soki splitting off. The FDLR is the political wing of the organization the armed wing is called Forces combattantes Abacunguzi (FOCA). ![]() ![]() The impetus for the merger was to cast aside their association with the genocide, in which some of its leaders had been implicated. The FDLR was created in 2000 when ALiR I and II––the rebellions that emerged out of troops belonging to the defeated, pre-genocide Rwandan army and various affiliated militia––merged. The following is a list of short biographies of over hundred different armed groups active in North and South Kivu by late 2017įorces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR)-FOCA ![]()
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